Mediators and the Priesthood. N. Sarna, The JPS Torah Commentary Exodus (Philadelphia, New York: Jewish Publication Society, 1991). Verses 21 - 28 record what Moses did after receiving the description of what the LORD was about to do. 3, 4. 2. Exodus 21:20, KJV: And if a man smite his servant, or his maid, with a rod . (ESV)". 4 if his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or … It was to be applied fairly and equally. As I see it, the issue in Exodus 21 is two-fold, involving not only marriage, but slavery. Exodus 21:12-17 Capital Punishment; Exodus 21:18-32 What Does "An Eye for An Eye" Really Mean? II. If he came single, he shall leave single; if he had a wife, his wife shall leave with him. As illustrated here, the slave in Israel was really more like a servant. The book gets its name from the nation of Israel's mass . Which you shall set before them: These next three chapters present laws establishing precedent for the legal system of Israel, the judges appointed by Moses. Exodus 21:16 Context. This would explain why all slaves were required to follow Jewish religious practices (Gen. 17:13; Exodus 12:44; Lev. (Exodus 21:16). Normally, a slave or servant could be beaten or killed without penalty. Exodus is the second book of the Pentateuch (the five books of Moses), and it's where we find the stories of the Ten Plagues, the first Passover, the parting of the Red Sea, and the Ten Commandments.. CHAPTER 21. Exodus 21:7 Keil and Delitzsch Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament The daughter of an Israelite, who had been sold by her father as a maid-servant (לאמה), i.e., as the sequel shows, as a housekeeper and concubine, stood in a different relation to her master's house. God has chosen you to be his holy people. Exodus 21:20 Parallel Verses [⇓ See commentary ⇓] Exodus 21:20, NIV: Anyone who beats their male or female slave with a rod must be punished if the slave dies as a direct result, Exodus 21:20, ESV: "When a man strikes his slave, male or female, with a rod and the slave dies under his hand, he shall be avenged. The slave's devotion to his master is the result of his relationship to Christ. The word of the LORD intervenes to ensure justice in the system. . ( Exo 21:1) These are the judgments . Notes and Commentary on Exodus 21-24; 31-35 (12-2) Exodus 21:2-11. 6. 3 If he came to you alone, he is free to leave alone. What I would say is this; if the slave viewed his marriage as sacred, and held it in high regard, then a provision to sustain his marriage is set forth here in this text: the slave can renounce his "freedom" and remain a slave to his master, and in so . It is a function of a sin ridden imperfect human race. But the Old Testament is clear about capturing people and selling them as chattel: kidnapping was a crime punishable by death (Exodus 21:16). It was because of the hardness of the hearts of the . Now let's address Andrew's misreading of the text. Slavery. But cases of manslaughter were different. 20 "When a man strikes his slave, male or female, with a rod and the slave dies under his hand, he shall be avenged. Concerning violence and injury (21:12-27) Death was the penalty for wilful murder, violence to parents and kidnapping for slavery. In the seventh year he will leave a free man without paying compensation. 4 If his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or . He told them to g o and take for yourselves lambs according to your families, and slay the Passover lamb. Sometimes Exodus 21:22-25 is used by pro-choice advocates to show that the Bible does not regard the unborn as persons just as worthy of protection as an adult. Mentions of slavery in Exodus: "When you acquire a Hebrew slave, he shall serve six years; in the seventh year he shall go free, without payment. 23:12; Deut. . 3 If he came single, he will depart single; if he came married, his wife will depart with him. I am curious how others interpret this verse and their thoughts on it. Exodus 12:28. 21:20. A Hebrew slave who had been ransomed from a Gentile by a Hebrew might be sold by him who ransomed him, to one of his own nation. Here is, 1. Theme Scripture: Exodus 12:43-44. There is a lot more going on, though. You would expect the LORD to draw a straight line here. 3 if he comes in single, he shall go out single; if he comes in married, then his wife shall go out with him. At Rome, it was common for slaves to endure the severest torture rather than betray or accuse their owners. God allowed slavery, but in a much different way than one may perceive today. He should pay a fine to his slave. Similarly, in the New Testament, slave-traders are listed among those who are . 21:7, 26-27). Correcting a servant (v. 20, 21). Concerning this passage Andrew writes, "It clearly says you can beat . A rod is not a lethal weapon A rod was meant, in the context of Exodus 21:20-21, as an instrument of discipline. Highpoints in Exodus # 12 of 20. An Israelite may have become a slave due to poverty, debt, or crime. 4 If his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or daughters, the wife and her children will belong . Founder & Teacher, desiringGod.org. Biblical texts outline sources and the legal status of slaves, economic roles of slavery, types of slavery, and debt slavery, which thoroughly explain the institution of slavery in Israel in antiquity. 1. xxii. 20-21). 5. If an Israelite master chose to abuse his slave, then the slave was automatically freed. Exodus 21:1-11 What About Slavery? Slavery was permissible in certain situations, so long as slaves were regarded as full members of the community (Gen. 17:12), received the same rest periods and holidays as non-slaves (Exod. 21 But if the slave survives a day or two, he is not to be avenged, for the slave is his money.". 1. 15 And he that smiteth his father, or his mother, shall be surely put to death. Verse 19 seems out of place at first glance. (4) If his master have given him a wife.—If, however, the Hebrew slave, being previously unmarried, had been allowed by his master to take to wife one of his female slaves, then, when the husband claimed his freedom the wife could not claim hers. So besides the tablets of the Ten Commandments, God here gives Moses the judgments. Redemption and Deliverance. Second, explain specifics surrounding particularly difficult passages. Exodus 21:9-10 9If he have [has] promised her to his son as wife, shall deal with her as men do with their daughters. The question was "What do you do . 4 If his master have given him a wife, and . In most cases, those who use it as such do not actually belive in . As can be seen, these laws or sub-laws are given within the cultural context of the people. SORT. 1 These are the laws that you must put in front of the Israelites:. 13 And if a man lie not in wait, but God deliver him into his hand; then I will appoint thee a place whither he shall flee. 1 "Now these are the rules that you shall set before them. Whether Exodus 21:22-25 is talking about a miscarriage or a live, premature birth, it is impossible in either case to conclude from this passage that God is indifferent towards abortion. The Purpose of Slavery In an ideal world, slavery would neither be an option nor a necessity. Although limited space prevents a thorough exploration of this text, an earlier Israelite slave law in the Pentateuch (Exodus 21:23-27) also supports my interpretation of Leviticus 25:44-46. The Purpose of Slavery In an ideal world, slavery would neither be an option nor a necessity. (Zondervan Bible Backgrounds Commentary) "This refers to the purchase of a debt-slave. 4. Themes and Colors Key. God allowed slavery, but in a much different way than one may perceive today. If a man smite his servant, or his maid, with a rod, and he die under his hand; he shall be surely punished. LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Exodus, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work. Bible Newest Published Comments Last Played Title Popular. The Bible contains many references to slavery, which was a common practice in antiquity. When a . Who is the he of verse 10 who takes another wife, and for whom? However, the problem at the time it was written is that slavery was everywhere. 21 "now these are the rules that you shall set before them. Moses had words in his vocabulary that literally meant abortion or miscarriage, but he didn't use them in Exodus 21:22. 2. If his master gave him a wife, and she has borne him children, the wife and her children shall belong to . . Slaves were considered property in ancient Israel, as they were in the surrounding non-Israelite culture. By law he had to be freed after . . 25:45, 46] slave is his money. 21 But if the slave survives a day or two, he is not to be avenged, for the slave is his money. The Rights of Freedom under the Law. Joseph' s brothers must be regarded as having committed it (Genesis 37:28); and there are many traces of it in the remains of antiquity. Both she and her children remained in the slave condition. Both were freed if they were injured (Exodus 21:26-27). Now of course we do not condone slavery of any kind. Upon the sixth commandment, which forbids all violence offered to the person of a man. Exodus 21:5 "And if the servant shall plainly say, I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free:" Under every system of slavery, affection grows between the slaves and a master who is indulgent to them. The song that was sung by the men in verses 1 - 18 is followed by a reminder of the reason for the song (v. 19) and the celebration by Miriam and the women (vv. But in the seventh year he will become a free man. "Now these are the judgments which you shall set before them: a. "If a man strikes his male servant or his female servant with a staff so that he or she dies as a result of the blow, he will surely be punished." (Exodus 21:20, NET). When a man strikes his slave, male or female, with a rod and the slave dies under his hand, he shall be punished. Chapter 21. As I see it, the issue in Exodus 21 is two-fold, involving not only marriage, but slavery. Slavery: Exodus 21.2-11" Journalfor the Study of the Old Testament 30 (1984) 51-66 esp. Slavery in the Old Testament was very different and involved a variety of methods, situations, and restrictions. Verse 16. Slavery in the Old Testament was very different and involved a variety of methods, situations, and restrictions. Six years he shall serve — It was an excellent provision in these laws, that no man could finally injure himself by any rash, foolish, or precipitate act. The Exodus Conversations Exodus 21:7-11 - Marriage and Slavery 1. Exodus 21:33- 22:15 What God Says About Dogs, Cows & Property Rights; CHARLES ELLICOTT Commentary for English Readers. Instead, he chose the same word he used in many other places to signify a living child being brought forth. Commentary on Exodus 14:5-7, 10-14, 21-29. 12. 3. 4. 2 a When you purchase a Hebrew slave, * he is to serve you for six years, but in the seventh year he shall leave as a free person without any payment. It is, however, a fitting interlude between the song sung by Moses and the men of Israel and the song and . 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